Publications

Interactions entre politiques publiques, migrations et développement au Burkina Faso est le fruit d'un projet mené conjointement par l'Union européenne et le Centre de développement de l'OCDE, en collaboration avec le Conseil supérieur des Burkinabè de l'étranger (CSBE) et l'Institut supérieur des sciences de la population (ISSP). Ce projet avait pour objectif de fournir aux décideurs des données probantes sur l’impact des migrations sur des secteurs spécifiques – marché du travail, agriculture, éducation et investissement et services financiers – et, à l’inverse, de montrer quel est l’impact des politiques sectorielles sur les migrations. Le rapport aborde quatre dimensions du cycle migratoire : l'émigration, les transferts de fonds, le retour et l'immigration.Les résultats des travaux empiriques confirment que les migrations contribuent au développement du Burkina Faso. Cependant, le potentiel des migrations n’est pas pleinement exploité dans le pays. En effet, malgré les avancées obtenues grâce à la stratégie nationale de migration adoptée en 2017, les décideurs ne prennent pas suffisamment en compte les migrations dans leurs domaines d’action respectifs. Le Burkina Faso doit donc adopter un programme d’action plus cohérent pour intégrer les migrations dans les stratégies de développement, améliorer les mécanismes de coordination et renforcer la coopération internationale. Cela permettra d’accroître la contribution des migrations au développement du pays.

The OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook provides regular updates on trends and developments associated with sovereign borrowing requirements, funding strategies, market infrastructure and debt levels from the perspective of public debt managers. The Outlook makes a policy distinction between funding strategy and borrowing requirements. The central government marketable gross borrowing needs, or requirements, are calculated on the basis of budget deficits and redemptions. The funding strategy entails decisions on how borrowing needs are going to be financed using different instruments and which distribution channels are being used. This edition provides data, information and background on sovereign borrowing needs and discusses funding strategies and debt management policies for the OECD area and country groupings. In particular, it examines: gross borrowing requirements; net borrowing requirements; central government marketable debt; interactions between fiscal policy, public debt management and monetary policy; funding strategies, procedures and instruments; liquidity in secondary markets; implications of a low interest environment for government debt; and the outlook of inflation linked bonds.

Growth in Colombia has been among the strongest in the region, reflecting the flexible exchange rate and inflation targeting monetary policy, and fiscal rules. The strong growth and welfare programmes to the most vulnerable groups have substantially reduced poverty. Lower taxes and fees on wages have brought more people to better quality formal jobs, thereby raising both productivity and inclusiveness. Productivity and job opportunities have also been enhanced by recent reforms facilitating the opening of business, obtaining construction permits, registering property and paying taxes. However, productivity growth is still low and the gap between rich and poor among the highest in Latin America. Informality and gender gaps remain high, and social mobility low. Years of armed conflict, stringent local regulations and distortions in the tax system have created disparities in productivity and access to basic services across regions. Further simplifying procedures for company registration and the affiliation of workers to social security, improving labour market programmes, expanding early childhood education, and raising education quality would boost inclusion, social mobility and living standards. Greater and more affordable child, elderly and disability care would open the job market to more women. Raising productivity will be fundamental to continued increases in living standards for all Colombians.SPECIAL FEATURES: PRODUCTIVITY; INCLUSIVE GROWTH

Growth in Colombia has been among the strongest in the region, reflecting the flexible exchange rate and inflation targeting monetary policy, and fiscal rules. The strong growth and welfare programmes to the most vulnerable groups have substantially reduced poverty. Lower taxes and fees on wages have brought more people to better quality formal jobs, thereby raising both productivity and inclusiveness. Productivity and job opportunities have also been enhanced by recent reforms facilitating the opening of business, obtaining construction permits, registering property and paying taxes. However, productivity growth is still low and the gap between rich and poor among the highest in Latin America. Informality and gender gaps remain high, and social mobility low. Years of armed conflict, stringent local regulations and distortions in the tax system have created disparities in productivity and access to basic services across regions. Further simplifying procedures for company registration and the affiliation of workers to social security, improving labour market programmes, expanding early childhood education, and raising education quality would boost inclusion, social mobility and living standards. Greater and more affordable child, elderly and disability care would open the job market to more women. Raising productivity will be fundamental to continued increases in living standards for all Colombians.

SPECIAL FEATURES: PRODUCTIVITY; INCLUSIVE GROWTH

The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines not just what students know in science, reading and mathematics, but what they can do with what they know. Results from PISA show educators and policy makers the quality and equity of learning outcomes achieved elsewhere, and allow them to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. PISA 2015 Results (Volume IV): Students’ Financial Literacy, is one of five volumes that present the results of the PISA 2015 survey, the sixth round of the triennial assessment. It explores students’ experience with and knowledge about money and provides an overall picture of 15-year-olds’ ability to apply their accumulated knowledge and skills to real-life situations involving financial issues and decisions.Over the past decades, developed and emerging countries and economies have become increasingly concerned about the level of financial literacy of their citizens, particularly among young people. This initially stemmed from concern about the potential impact of shrinking public and private welfare systems, shifting demographics, including the ageing of the population in many countries, and the increased sophistication and expansion of financial services. Many young people face financial decisions and are consumers of financial services in this evolving context. As a result, financial literacy is now globally recognised as an essential life skill.

Regulatory differences across jurisdictions can be costly for traders. While these costs may reflect variations in domestic conditions and preferences, they may also be the result of rule-making processes working in isolation and of a lack of consideration for the international environment. Thus, some of the trade costs of regulatory divergence may be avoided without compromising the quality of regulatory protection. Building on lessons learnt from OECD analytical work and the experiences of OECD countries in regulatory policy and trade, this report proposes a definition of trade costs of regulatory divergence and analyses various approaches to addressing them, including unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches. It focuses on the contribution of good regulatory practices, the adoption of international standards, and the use of cross-border recognition frameworks and trade agreements. Based on this, the report provides indications for policy makers on how to reduce trade costs through international regulatory co-operation.
 

Regulatory reform has been a top priority in Korea for several successive administrations. Maintaining momentum for reform in Korea will be essential for producing tangible results and supporting inclusive growth, productivity and innovation. The Regulatory Reform Review of Korea provides key insights into a mature regulatory system and follows two previous Regulatory Reform Reviews of Korea completed in 2000 and 2007. It identifies a number of areas where improvements could help Korea reap the full benefits of the reforms introduced so far.
It stresses the need for a clear strategy for regulatory policy in order to make better use of the resources deployed.
 

This report provides an assessment of how governments can generate inclusive economic growth in the short term, while making progress towards climate goals to secure sustainable long-term growth. It describes the development pathways required to meet the Paris Agreement objectives and underlines the value of well-aligned policy packages in mobilising investment and social support for the transition while enhancing growth. The report also sets out the structural, financial and political changes needed to enable the transition.

Les Perspectives économiques en Afrique 2017 dressent l’état actuel du continent et livrent des prévisions économiques à deux ans. Ce rapport annuel examine la performance de l’Afrique dans des domaines essentiels : macroéconomie, flux financiers extérieurs et recettes fiscales, commerce et intégration régionale, développement humain et gouvernance. Pour cette 16e édition, les Perspectives économiques en Afrique passent au crible la question du rôle des entrepreneurs dans l’industrialisation du continent. Le rapport propose des solutions pratiques que les gouvernements africains peuvent adopter pour mettre en place des stratégies d’industrialisation efficaces. Des politiques favorisant les compétences, les regroupements d’entreprises (clusters) et le financement lèveraient des contraintes majeures rencontrées actuellement par les entreprises privées africaines.Des notes pays offrent une synthèse des tendances récentes de l'économie, des prévisions de croissance du produit intérieur brut pour 2017 et 2018, et des principaux enjeux dans chacun des 54 pays africains. Une annexe statistique (disponible en ligne uniquement) permet de comparer les variables économiques, sociales et politiques propres à chaque pays.

Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development in Armenia is the result of a project carried out by the Caucasus Research Resource Center (CRRC-Armenia) and the OECD Development Centre, in collaboration with the State Migration Service (SMS) and with support from the European Union. The project aimed to provide policy makers with evidence on the way migration influences specific sectors – the labour market, agriculture, education and investment and financial services – and, in turn, how sectoral policies affect migration. The report addresses three dimensions of the migration cycle that have become an important part of the country's social and economic contexts: emigration, remittances and return. The results of the empirical work confirm that even though migration contributes to the development of Armenia, the potential of migration is not fully exploited. One explanation is that many policy makers in Armenia do not sufficiently take migration into account in their respective policy areas. Armenia therefore needs to adopt a more coherent policy agenda to do more to integrate migration into development strategies, improve co-ordination mechanisms and strengthen international co-operation. This would enhance the contribution of migration to development in the country.