Publications

This overview of global markets for fish and fish products finds that they have changed considerably over the past few decades and continue to do so, with ever growing interactions across countries and continents. Change has brought substantial benefits to the world economy and a number of policy challenges for governments. To meet these challenges, without compromising the advantages of increasing market interactions, countries must develop and implement fisheries management frameworks and aquaculture strategies that accommodate globalisation without undermining resource sustainability.

This report complements earlier OECD work on liquid biofuels and provides information on biomass based heat and power, as well as on biogas. It discusses the heterogeneous portfolio of different biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and pathways of utilisation. It also shows that governments in many countries provide substantial support to the production and use of renewable energy in general, and bioenergy in particular; these support measures are highly diverse and are given at national and various sub-national levels. The results of a large number of life-cycle analyses of various bioheat and biopower chains reviewed in this study indicate that the objective to reduce GHG emissions and fossil energy use is met; indeed the savings estimated for most chains are substantial when compared to fossil alternatives. At present, most of the chains examined do not compete with food and feed production, and thus the implications for agricultural markets are small. It is clear, however, that if a stronger focus on agricultural biomass crops is to be developed, this will require careful design of support policies so as to avoid compromising the ability of the agricultural sector to provide food and feed in a sustainable manner.

The International Energy Agency's periodic review of Canada's energy policies and programmes.  This 2010 edition finds that Canada, with its diverse and balanced portfolio of energy resources, is one of the largest producers and exporters of energy among IEA member countries. The energy sector plays an increasingly important role for the Canadian economy and for global energy security, as its abundant resource base has the potential to deliver even greater volumes of energy.   The federal, provincial and territorial governments of Canada are all strongly committed to the sustainable development of the country’s natural resources and have a long-standing and informed awareness of the need for each to contribute to the development of the energy sector. Furthermore, the government of Canada seeks to achieve a balance between the environmentally responsible production and use of energy, the growth and competitiveness of the economy, and secure and competitively priced energy and infrastructure. Nonetheless, the long-term sustainability of the sector remains a challenge. Due to climatic, geographic and other factors, Canada is one of the highest per-capita CO₂ emitters in the OECD and has higher energy intensity than any IEA member country. A comprehensive national energy efficiency strategy, coupled with a coordinated climate change policy targeted at the key emitting sectors, is needed.  Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a priority for the federal government and presents Canada with an opportunity to develop a new technology that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a large scale. The IEA recommends that Canada provide international leadership in the development of CCS technology.  This review analyses the energy challenges facing Canada and provides sectoral critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements.

We expect governments to protect citizens from the adverse consequences of hazardous events. At the same time it is not possible or necessarily in the best interest of citizens for all risks to be removed. A risk-based approach to the design and implementation of regulation can help to ensure that regulatory approaches are efficient, effective and account for risk/risk tradeoffs across policy objectives. Risk-based approaches to the design of regulation and compliance strategies can improve the welfare of citizens by providing better protection, more efficient government services and reduced costs for business. Across the OECD there is great potential to improve the operation of risk policy as few governments have taken steps to develop a coherent risk governance policy for managing regulation.  This publication presents recent OECD research and analysis on risk and regulatory policy.  The chapters discuss core challenges today. They offer measures for developing, or improving, coherent risk governance policies. Topics include: challenges in designing regulatory policy frameworks to manage risks; different cultural and legal dimensions of risk regulatory concepts across OECD; analytical models and principles for decision making in uncertain situations; key elements of risk regulation and governance institutions; the use of management-based regulation to help firms make risk-related behavioural changes; an analysis of the risk-based frameworks of regulators in five OECD countries (Australia, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, United Kingdom) and across four sectors: environment, food safety, financial markets and health and safety; and the elements for designing formal guidelines for risk prioritisation, assessment, management and communication. 

Les programmes nationaux de gestion des déchets radioactifs se trouvent à des phases diverses dans la recherche de sites d’implantation d’installations et se fondent sur des approches techniques distinctes adaptées aux différentes catégories de déchets. Dans tous les cas, il est nécessaire que les acteurs institutionnels et la communauté d’accueil, actuelle ou potentielle, établissent entre eux une relation sérieuse et viable. Les formules de partenariat permettent de réaliser un équilibre entre les exigences d’une représentation équitable et d’une participation éclairée. Avec l'appui de la communuté d’accueil, elles contribuent également  à l'association souhaitable d’un site et d’un concept de gestion pouvant être autorisés au plan réglementaire ainsi qu'à un bon équilibre entre l'octroi de compensations, le contrôle local et les possibilités de développement. Ce rapport présente les informations les plus récentes sur les expériences de partenariat avec les communautés d’accueil dans 13 pays. Les caractéristiques, les avantages et les objectifs de telles formules de partenariat y sont décrits ainsi que l'évolution du concept sur les dix dernières années.

Development processes occur within a wider geographical area than local government, and in some cases encompass a broader scope than provincial or national governments. Thus substantial inter-governmental co-operation and public-private partnership are needed. This book identifies how development agencies and companies work, what they do and what constitutes success and value added. It explores international practices in a variety of locations and contexts, and defines both the success factors and the challenges associated with economic development agencies and companies.

Les Normes de qualité pour l’évaluation du développement se veulent un guide de bonnes pratiques pour l’évaluation dans le domaine du développement. Elles ont pour but d’améliorer la qualité des processus d’évaluation du développement et des produits qui en découlent ainsi que de faciliter la collaboration. Fruit d’un consensus international, elles détaillent les éléments clés qui font la qualité de chacune des phases d’un processus type d’évaluation, à savoir la définition de la finalité de l’évaluation, la planification et la conception de cette dernière, sa mise en oeuvre et la présentation de ses résultats, et enfin l’examen des leçons à tirer et l’utilisation de ces résultats. L’ouvrage s’ouvre sur quelques considérations générales qu’il convient de garder présentes à l’esprit tout au long du processus d’évaluation. Une annexe renvoie à d’autres publications de l'OCDE CAD en rapport avec l’évaluation du développement.

Cet examen 2010 approfondi de l'OCDE des programmes et politiques environnementales du Luxembourg de 2010 analyse la gestion de l'air et de l'eau, la nature et la biodiversité, le développement durable, l'interface environnement/économie, l'interface environnement/social et la coopération internationale. Ces analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales et conduisent à des recommandations sur les progrès à faire dans les domaines de l'environnement et du développement durable.

Un grand nombre d’entreprises et de gros employeurs ont développé des initiatives destinées à s’attaquer aux problèmes de circulation générés par leurs activités et, en particulier, à la question du trafic engendré par les déplacements de leurs employés et de leurs clients. Ces initiatives de Gestion de la Mobilité en Entreprise (GME) sont l’objet de ce rapport qui se concentre sur deux points : l’examen des facteurs de succès dans des cas particuliers de bonnes pratiques au niveau des entreprises et l’étude des rôles potentiels, s’il en est, que les autorités publiques peuvent jouer pour faciliter la mise en œuvre de la GME. Le rapport fournit aux États des conseils au sujet de stratégies efficaces pour traiter et limiter le trafic généré par les déplacements des navetteurs et des clients.

Public attitudes to nuclear power are critical in shaping nuclear policies in OECD/NEA countries and the latter will only be able to make use of this energy source if a well-informed public considers that its benefits outweigh its risks. This report provides a number of insights into public attitudes towards nuclear power. Support for nuclear energy is generally correlated with the level of experience of and knowledge about nuclear power. Interestingly, while the public is generally aware of the contribution of nuclear power to ensuring security of energy supply, its potential contribution to combating climate change is less well recognised. Solving the waste disposal issue would also significantly increase the level of public support. Furthermore, OECD/NEA governments may wish to reflect carefully on how to react to these results as, according to the surveys, they are the least trusted source on energy issues, far behind regulators, non-governmental organisations and scientists.