Publications


  • 29-August-2016

    English

    World Energy Balances 2016

    The data service contains energy balances for over 150 countries and regions. The figures are expressed in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe) and in terajoules. Conversion factors used to calculate energy balances and indicators such as GDP and population are also provided. In general, the data are available for 1971 (1960 for OECD countries) to 2014, with preliminary estimates of 2015 production (and trade when available) for natural gas, primary coal and oil.

    Definitions of products and flows, explanatory notes on the individual country data, indicators (including GDP, population, industrial production index and ratios calculated with the energy data) and net calorific values are also included.

  • 29-August-2016

    English

    World Energy Statistics 2016

    The  data service contains key energy statistics for over 150 countries and regions. Data are provided in original units for the different types of coal, oil, natural gas, renewables and waste, as well as for electricity and heat. In general, the data are available for 1971 (1960 for OECD countries) to 2014, with preliminary estimates of 2015 production (and trade when available) for natural gas, primary coal and oil.Data are provided in original units for the different types of coal, oil, natural gas, renewables and waste, as well as for electricity and heat. In general, the data are available for 1960 to 2014.
  • 26-August-2016

    English

    Gender Equality in the Pacific Alliance - Promoting Women's Economic Empowerment

    The equal inclusion of women in economic life is a key driver of economic growth throughout the world, including the Pacific Alliance countries of Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Talent is lost, and future growth suffers, when women do not have the same opportunities as men to reach their full potential in the labour market. All countries of the world have work to do to advance the equality agenda, and Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru have much to do. While girls and women in the Pacific Alliance are progressing on the path to gender equality and inclusive growth, significant roadblocks remain.
  • 18-August-2016

    English

    Corruption in the Extractive Value Chain - Typology of Risks, Mitigation Measures and Incentives

    One case of transnational corruption out of five occurs in the extractive sector according to the 2014 OECD Foreign Bribery Report. In this area, corruption has become increasingly complex and sophisticated affecting each stage of the extractive value chain with potential huge revenue losses for the public coffers. This report is intended to help policy makers, law enforcement officials and stakeholders strengthen prevention efforts at both the public and private levels, through improved understanding and enhanced awareness of corruption risk and mechanisms. It will help better tailoring responses to evolving corruption patterns and effectively countering adaptive strategies. The report also offers options to put a cost on corruption to make it less attractive at both the public and private levels.
  • 17-August-2016

    English

    Boosting Kazakhstan's National Intellectual Property System for Innovation

    National intellectual property (IP) systems can play a pivotal role in fostering innovation and knowledge diffusion. This report analyses Kazakhstan’s IP system with regards to its support of the country’s innovation performance. In particular, it assesses the organisation and governance of Kazakhstan's IP system as well as the needs and challenges faced by different groups of actual and potential IP users – ranging from universities and public research institutions to state-owned enterprises and small businesses. The review provides a comprehensive set of statistics describing the use of IP in Kazakhstan in recent years, identifies the system’s strengths and weaknesses, and presents a range of specific policy recommendations to address existing challenges.
  • 12-août-2016

    Français

    Stratégies collaboratives pour la création de valeur partagée au niveau du pays - Cadre pour les projets extractifs

    Ce Cadre est un outil opérationnel donnant des orientations pratiques pour tirer meilleur parti du développement des ressources naturelles non renouvelables dans le but d’édifier, d’une manière évolutive, des économies compétitives, diversifiées et durables. Il constitue un guide sur la façon dont les gouvernements hôtes, les industries extractives et la société civile peuvent œuvrer de concert, de manière systématique et structurée, pour permettre la création de valeur partagée au niveau du pays et appuyer la mise en œuvre du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030. Le Cadre dépasse les frontières sectorielles et expose des stratégies propres à éclairer une élaboration des politiques plus intégrée, cohérente et efficace. Il suggère également des mécanismes de suivi et d’évaluation afin de mesurer progrès et impacts au fil du temps. Destiné aux gouvernements, à l’industrie et à la société civile, il articule les rôles respectifs afin d’améliorer la collaboration, le respect et la responsabilité mutuels.
  • 12-August-2016

    English

    Governance of Land Use in Poland - The Case of Lodz

    Lodz – the third largest city in Poland – is undertaking several major projects that have the potential to significantly reinvigorate the economy. Following the collapse of its traditional manufacturing industries in the late 1990s, Lodz went through a period of economic decline. A series of infrastructure investments and new developments are presently transforming its city centre and increasing its transportation connectivity. Coherent land-use practices across the areas where people live and work will be critical for the city and its surrounding communities to develop in a socially, environmentally, and fiscally sustainable way. This case study of the governance of land use in Lodz illustrates many promising practices and offers guidance on how to make the governance structure and planning system more coherent and robust both in Lodz, and in Poland more generally. This is the first in a series of five case studies on the governance of land use, which will culminate in a synthesis report to be published in 2017.
  • 4-August-2016

    English

    Reforming Economic Instruments for Water Resources Management in Kyrgyzstan

    This report presents recommendations on the reform of economic instruments for water resources management in Kyrgyzstan, specifically on tariffs for urban water supply and sanitation (WSS) and irrigation water, pollution charges, surface water abstraction charges for enterprises (consumptive and non-consumptive uses), specific land tax rates for the Issyk-Kul biosphere reserve, as well as taxes and customs duty on products contributing to water pollution. For each instrument, alternative reform options are identified and assessed, and preferred options put forward, with an action plan.
  • 3-August-2016

    English

    Boosting the Power Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa - China's Involvement

    Lack of energy access and frequent electricity shortages are major impediments to economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Over 635 million people live without electricity in the region. Because the overall electrification rate remains at less than one-third of the population, the region needs increased investment in the power sector.As part of their increasing activity in overseas markets, companies from the People’s Republic of China have significantly enhanced their engagement in Africa in the last 15 years, covering a wide range of sectors, including the electricity industry. Chinese-built projects and financial support from China are contributing to power sector development, extending energy access and facilitating economic growth.This report analyses China’s engagement in the sub-Saharan Africa power sector, including the key drivers underlying Chinese investments. An overview of Chinese projects (generation, transmission and distribution) during the 2010-20 period is provided in this first-ever consolidated effort to map them.The report identifies the key Chinese stakeholders and assesses their impact on policies affecting energy access, economic development and financing modalities. Two case studies examine Chinese investment at the country level in Ghana and Ethiopia.
  • 29-juillet-2016

    Français

    Essai n° 478 : Essai de mutation létale dominante chez le rongeur

    L’essai de mutation létale dominante a pour but de détecter si certaines substances chimiques engendrent des mutations résultant d’aberrations chromosomiques dans les cellules germinales. En outre, l’essai de mutation létale dominante se prête bien à l’évaluation de la génotoxicité, car, malgré des variations entre les espèces, les facteurs du métabolisme in vivo, la pharmacocinétique et les processus de réparation de l’ADN sont actifs et contribuent aux réponses. L’apparition d’une mutation létale dominante à la suite d’une exposition à un produit chimique d’essai indique que cette substance a affecté le tissu germinal de l’animal étudié.La LD 478 initiale a été adoptée en 1984. La présente version modifiée de cette ligne directrice reflète plus de trente années d’expérience de cet essai et tient compte des possibilités de l’intégrer ou de le combiner à d’autres essais de toxicité, notamment pour le développement, la reproduction ou encore des essais de génotoxicité; cependant, étant donné les limitations de l’essai et le grand nombre d’animaux utilisés, cet essai n’a pas vocation à être utilisé en première intention, mais plutôt comme méthode d’essai supplémentaire quand il n’existe pas d’alternative pour satisfaire les exigences réglementaire.
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