Publications

Référence méthodologique internationale en matière de recueil et d’exploitation des statistiques de R-D, le Manuel de Frascati de l’OCDE est un outil essentiel pour les statisticiens et les responsables des politiques de la science et de l’innovation du monde entier. Dans cette nouvelle édition du Manuel, les définitions des concepts de base, les lignes directrices sur le recueil des données et les classifications utiles à l’établissement des statistiques de R-D ont été enrichies à la lumière de l’évolution récente des modes d’exécution et de financement de la R-D, et compte tenu du recours accru aux statistiques et définitions de la R-D. Y figurent de nouveaux chapitres traitant d’aspects concrets du recueil des données de R-D dans différents secteurs ainsi que des orientations concernant plusieurs formes de soutien public à la R-D, comme les incitations fiscales.

Le Maroc est en train de réformer son cadre légal, politique et institutionnel de lutte contre la corruption et de bonne gouvernance. Cette revue fonctionnelle analyse deux institutions marocaines,  l’Instance centrale de prévention de la corruption (ICPC) et l'Institution du Médiateur du Royaume (IMR), dont les mandats respectifs ont été modifiés par la nouvelle Constitution de 2011 afin de renforcer leur rôle dans le système de l’intégrité du pays. Elle examine les cadres législatifs, institutionnels et politiques des institutions, et propose des recommandations afin de permettre à l’ICPC (qui deviendra la nouvelle Instance nationale de la probité, de la prévention et de la lutte contre la corruption) d’assumer le plus efficacement possible son rôle. Ainsi, elle vise à permettre à l’ICPC de jouir pleinement de ses nouvelles prérogatives s’agissant de répression de la corruption. La revue permet également à ce que l’IMR, qui gère les plaintes des citoyens en rapports avec l’administration publique, puisse agir du mieux possible en vue d’altérer positivement les malversations au sein du secteur public. Le rapport analyse la place de ces deux institutions dans le cadre global de gouvernance au Maroc. Il propose des réformes pour améliorer la coopération entre les institutions publiques ainsi qu’avec les acteurs de la société civile dans l’intérêt de la population civile marocaine.

Myanmar is in need of a structural transformation from an agrarian economy to one based more on a mix of modern activities, including manufacturing and services. Modernising the agricultural sector by building linkages to complementary non-agricultural activities – an 'agricultural value chain' approach – could set in motion this process of structural transformation. Furthermore, given Myanmar’s level of economic development, its large rural population and the weight of agriculture in the economy, a development strategy that puts agriculture and rural development at its core has the potential to make a significant positive impact for millions. This third report of the Multi-dimensional Review of Myanmar synthesises the findings and recommendations from the first two reports according to the following priorities as defined by stakeholders in Myanmar: supporting the agri-food sector’s ability to respond to market demand for quality products; introducing innovative models of delivering extension services and training to upgrade agronomic and technical skills; providing the conditions for a vibrant financial system that meet the needs of rural areas; strengthening land rights; engaging citizens in the policy making process; and managing and maximising the benefits of emigration from rural areas.

This joint initiative by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the OECD seeks to encourage the expansion of broadband networks and services in the region, supporting a coherent and cross-sectorial approach, to maximise their benefits for economic and social development. Drawing on a wealth of experience from LAC and OECD countries, the Toolkit outlines the main policy objectives in this area and provides guidance for their measurement, an overview of developments in the region, and a compilation of good practices in several areas related to broadband policy making. 
This comprehensive volume encompasses a wealth of areas including digital strategies, regulatory frameworks, spectrum management, competition and infrastructure bottlenecks, broadband access, affordability, sector taxation, inclusion, convergence, regional integration, education, skills, business uptake, entrepreneurship, local content, e-health, digital government, consumer policy, and digital security and privacy. 

Mexico has developed an ambitious national open data policy to create value from the use and re-use of government data by the public, private and social sectors. Open government data (OGD) has the potential to spur the digital economy, as well as contribute to more efficient public service delivery and greater public engagement. Mexico has demonstrated its commitment to OGD through its close involvement in international open data initiatives. However, it faces challenges in effectively implementing OGD domestically in a way that makes a greater impact on the economy and society. This would require, notably, institutionalizing open data, understanding the demand for government data, reaching out to potential users and working more closely with local governments. To fully realise the potential of open data, it is crucial that public bodies understand the benefits, are fully behind the project and actively participate in its implementation. This report provides an analysis of Mexico’s policies as well as recommendations for achieving its national objectives and making the most of OGD.

This report provides a series of indicators on Korea's policymaking practices and government performance compared to those of other OECD countries and of the G7 countries. Based on the Korean government reform objectives, this publication discusses how to strengthen evidence-based policymaking in the Korean public administration and, more generally, how to improve public service delivery and results for more inclusive growth. Although Korea is currently in an enviable fiscal situation compared to other OECD and G7 countries, the growing old-age-dependency ratio will inevitably increase budget pressures in the coming years. Concrete actions are therefore needed now to promote greater efficiency and value for money in public spending and public service delivery.

Fiscal Federalism 2016 surveys recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central government. Accessible and easy-to read chapters provide insight: into growing spending and tax devolution; the fiscal constitutions of federal countries; how immovable property taxation is regaining its former significance; on the true spending power of sub central governments; on the mix between own tax resources and intergovernmental grants; and on the role of fiscal rules and good budget frameworks for sustainable debt management at the state and local level.

Plus que jamais, les élèves doivent appréhender des concepts mathématiques, mener des raisonnements quantitatifs et analytiques, et communiquer à l’aide des mathématiques. Toutes ces compétences jouent un rôle central dans la capacité des jeunes à faire face aux problèmes qu’ils pourront rencontrer dans leur vie professionnelle ou privée une fois leur scolarité terminée. Néanmoins, la réalité est tout autre. Nombreux sont les élèves qui ne se sont pas familiarisés avec les concepts fondamentaux de mathématiques. Et trop d’élèves ne s’exercent à l’école qu’à des tâches routinières ne leur permettant pas d’améliorer leur capacité à raisonner de façon quantitative et à résoudre des problèmes complexes de la vie réelle.
Comment inverser cette tendance ? Selon ce nouveau rapport, fondé sur les résultats de l’enquête PISA 2012, une solution consisterait à garantir l’acquisition des concepts fondamentaux de mathématiques par tous les élèves et leur exposition en classe à des problèmes complexes de mathématiques. Une part importante des écarts de performance observés dans les épreuves PISA entre les élèves issus de milieux socio-économiques favorisés et leurs pairs issus de milieux défavorisés peut s’expliquer par des différences de familiarité avec les concepts mathématiques. L’élargissement de l’accès aux contenus mathématiques pourrait permettre de relever les niveaux moyens de réussite et, par là même, de réduire les inégalités dans l’éducation et la société dans son ensemble.
Cette synthèse en français résume les principaux résultats du rapport thématique PISA Equations and Inequalities: Making Mathematics Accessible to All afin de faciliter leur diffusion auprès du grand public francophone.

Wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) are currently the fastest-growing sources of electricity globally. A 'next generation' phase of deployment is emerging, in which wind and solar PV are technologically mature and economically affordable.The success of variable renewable energy (VRE) is also bringing new challenges to the fore. Electricity generation from both technologies is constrained by the varying availability of wind and sunshine. This can make it difficult to maintain the necessary balance between electricity supply and consumption at all times.As these variable renewables enter this next generation of deployment, the issue of system and market integration becomes a critical priority for renewables policy and energy policy more broadly. The paper highlights that this will require strategic action in three areas:System-friendly deployment, aiming to maximise the net benefit of wind and solar power for the entire system
Improved operating strategies, such as advanced renewable energy forecasting and enhanced scheduling of power plants
Investment in additional flexible resources, comprising demand-side resources, electricity storage, grid infrastructure and flexible generationIn addition, the paper argues that unlocking the contribution of system-friendly deployment calls for a paradigm shift in the economic assessment of wind and solar power. The traditional focus on the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) – a measure of cost for a particular generating technology at the level of a power plant – is no longer sufficient. Next-generation approaches need to factor in the system value of electricity from wind and solar power – the overall benefit arising from the addition of a wind or solar power generation source to the power system. System value is determined by the interplay of positives and negatives including reduced fuel costs, reduced carbon dioxide and other pollutant emissions costs, or higher costs of additional grid infrastructure.In addition to general analysis and recommendations, the paper also includes summaries of three case studies in China, Denmark and South Africa.

This 2016 OECD Economic Survey of the United States examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover: