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Publications & Documents


  • 14-mai-2024

    Français

    La croissance de l’économie numérique dépasse celle de l’économie dans son ensemble dans les pays de l’OCDE

    Le secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) a progressé en moyenne de 6.3 % entre 2013 et 2023, soit près de trois fois plus rapidement que l’ensemble de l’économie, dans les 27 pays de l’OCDE couverts par l’analyse.

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  • 6-May-2024

    English

    Defining AI incidents and related terms

    As AI use grows, so do its benefits and risks. These risks can lead to actual harms ('AI incidents') or potential dangers ('AI hazards'). Clear definitions are essential for managing and preventing these risks. This report proposes definitions for AI incidents and related terms. These definitions aim to foster international interoperability while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address.

  • 3-mai-2024

    Français

    Face aux évolutions technologiques rapides, l’OCDE met à jour les Principes sur l’IA

    Lors de la Réunion du Conseil au niveau des Ministres (RCM) de 2024 a été adoptée la version révisée des Principes de l’OCDE sur l’intelligence artificielle (IA), instrument qui a fait date dans ce domaine.

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  • 24-avril-2024

    Français

    Les politiques transformatives et la gouvernance anticipative jouent un rôle clé pour optimiser les avantages et maîtriser les risques liés aux technologies émergentes

    Les Ministres de la science et de la technologie l’ont souligné lors de leur réunion au niveau des Ministres à l’OCDE : il est crucial que les pouvoirs publics développent des approches coordonnées afin de tirer profit des opportunités offertes par les technologies nouvelles et émergentes, et de mieux gérer les risques futurs qui leur sont liés.

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  • 24-April-2024

    English

    OECD Agenda for Transformative Science, Technology and Innovation Policies

    Multiple crises are triggering turbulence, instability and insecurity in contemporary societies, with impacts on economies, the environment, politics, and global affairs. An effective response will require governments to be more ambitious and act with greater urgency in their science, technology and innovation (STI) policies to meet global challenges. Sustained investments and greater directionality in research and innovation activities are needed, and these should coincide with a reappraisal of STI systems and STI policies to ensure they are 'fit-for-purpose' to contribute to transformative change agendas. This policy paper provides a framework to support governments in making these assessments. It identifies six STI policy orientations for transformative change that should guide these assessments. It applies these orientations across multiple areas of STI policy, including R&D funding, the research and innovation workforce, and international R&D co-operation, and outlines a series of concrete policy actions STI policymakers can take to accelerate transformative change.

  • 24-April-2024

    English

    Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies

    Emerging technologies can contribute to unprecedented gains in health, energy, climate, food systems, and biodiversity. However, these technologies and their convergence sometimes carry risks to privacy, security, equity and human rights. This dual-edged nature of emerging technology requires policies that better anticipate disruptions and enable technology development for economic prosperity, resilience, security and sustainable development. Drawing on prior OECD work and legal instruments, this framework equips governments, other innovation actors and societies to anticipate and get ahead of governance challenges, and build longer-term capacities to shape innovation more effectively. Its 'anticipatory technology governance' approach consists of five interdependent elements and associated governance tools: (1) embeding values throughout the innovation process; (2) enhancing foresight and technology assessment; (3) engaging stakeholders and society; (4) building regulation that is agile and adaptive; and (5) reinforcing international cooperation in science and norm-making. The emerging technology context determines how each of these elements is applied.

  • 23-April-2024

    English, PDF, 2,793kb

    Neurotechnology toolkit

    This toolkit aims to support policymakers in implementing the OECD Recommendation on Responsible Innovation in Neurotechnology.

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  • 19-April-2024

    English

    Scientometrics

    This page provides information on OECD work on scientometrics and bibliometrics. This field has has evolved over time from the study of indices for improving information retrieval from peer-reviewed scientific publications (commonly described as the “bibliometric” analysis of science) to cover other types of documents and information sources relating to science and technology.

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  • 16-April-2024

    English

    The impact of Artificial Intelligence on productivity, distribution and growth - Key mechanisms, initial evidence and policy challenges

    This paper explores the economics of Artificial Intelligence (AI), focusing on its potential as a new General-Purpose Technology that can significantly influence economic productivity and societal wellbeing. It examines AI's unique capacity for autonomy and self-improvement, which could accelerate innovation and potentially revive sluggish productivity growth across various industries, while also acknowledging the uncertainties surrounding AI's long-term productivity impacts. The paper discusses the concentration of AI development in big tech firms, uneven adoption rates, and broader societal challenges such as inequality, discrimination, and security risks. It calls for a comprehensive policy approach to ensure AI's beneficial development and diffusion, including measures to promote competition, enhance accessibility, and address job displacement and inequality.

  • 10-April-2024

    English

    Artificial intelligence and the changing demand for skills in the labour market

    Most workers who will be exposed to artificial intelligence (AI) will not require specialised AI skills (e.g. machine learning, natural language processing, etc.). Even so, AI will change the tasks these workers do, and the skills they require. This report provides first estimates for the effect of artificial intelligence on the demand for skills in jobs that do not require specialised AI skills. The results show that the skills most demanded in occupations highly exposed to AI are management and business skills. These include skills in general project management, finance, administration and clerical tasks. The results also show that there have been increases over time in the demand for these skills in occupations highly exposed to AI. For example, the share of vacancies in these occupations that demand at least one emotional, cognitive or digital skill has increased by 8 percentage points. However, using a panel of establishments (which induces plausibly exogenous variation in AI exposure), the report finds evidence that the demand for these skills is beginning to fall.
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