Reports

Behind every migration statistic, there are individuals or families starting a new life in a new place. Local authorities, in co-ordination with all levels of government and other local partners, play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities. Integration needs to happen where people are: in their workplaces, their neighbourhoods, the schools to which they send their children and the public spaces where they will spend their free time. This report describes what it takes to formulate a place-based approach to integration through concerted efforts across levels of government as well as between state and non-state actors. It draws on both quantitative evidence, from a statistical database, and qualitative evidence from a survey of 72 cities. These include nine large European cities (Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Berlin, Glasgow, Gothenburg, Paris, Rome and Vienna) and one small city in Germany (Altena), which are the subject of in-depth case studies. The report also presents a 12-point checklist, a tool that any city or region – in Europe, the OECD or beyond – can use to work across levels of government and with other local actors in their efforts to promote more effective integration of migrants.

Altena is a small industrial town in the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The city has experienced a significant decline in its population in recent decades and further substantial decreases are predicted through 2030. In this context, the municipality has come to approach migrant integration as a chance to revive the city, counteract demographic change and fill existing labour force demands. In 2015, the city took on 100 more asylum seekers and refugees than required by federal allocation. In 2017, migrants made up 11.3% of the total population of Altena and the majority (54%) have lived there for longer than ten years. This report presents the way Altena and its state and non-state partners are addressing migrant integration issues and opportunities. In particular, the report sheds light on how refugees and asylum seekers have benefited from housing and civic participation programmes as well as the local responses to the peak in refugee and asylum seeker arrivals since 2015. In such a context, when migrant integration is part of the local development strategy, one key question is 'How to encourage migrants stay in Altena?'.

In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 51.66% of the population was born outside of the country or has at least one parent born abroad. Amsterdam is proud of its cultural and ethnical diversity and actively works to attract international students and high-skilled migrants. Like many European cities, Amsterdam experienced a peak in refugees and asylum seekers arrivals in 2015 and in response has implemented a holistic integration model, which starts at the moment migrants arrive and supports them for their first three years. Migrants are not considered as a minority group with different needs, but rather as one group among others with specific characteristics (such as women, the elderly, the disabled, LGBT) whose outcomes are monitored to identify potential structural gaps in their access to opportunities and services. This work compiles data and qualitative evidence on how local actions for integration, across a number of sectors, are being designed and implemented by the City of Amsterdam and its partners within a multi-level governance framework.

Today, 34% of the population of Gothenburg, Sweden, was born outside of the country or has at least one parent born abroad. The city is growing at a fast pace: 4 400 new residents registered in 2016. Newcomers account for the bulk of demographic growth, of which 12 858 refugees settled in the city between 2010 and 2016. However, migration is not a new phenomenon in Gothenburg, with nearly 41.7% of migrant residents having arrived more than 10 years ago. The Gothenburg municipality has a significant track record in managing the impact of migration on local demand for work, housing, goods and services, cultural and linguistic diversity, and other parts of daily life. This report presents the way Gothenburg municipality and its state and non-state partners are addressing migrant integration issues and opportunities. It compiles data and qualitative evidence on how local integration efforts are designed and implemented within a multi-level governance framework.

Housing in Korea has been part of the government policy development agenda for the past three decades contributing to reducing the historical housing shortage and improving the quality of dwellings. Despite its achievements, Korea now faces a housing affordability challenge as prices are too high for several social groups (i.e. newly wedded), owner occupancy levels are decreasing, and social housing is struggling to meet demand. Korea has a complex social housing system largely focused on low-income households, who still suffer from housing poverty in terms of housing stability, affordability and quality. A holistic view on housing policy to promote a more inclusive society and sustainable economic growth is needed. To overcome the current housing challenge requires expanding the network of public housing providers by including the private and community sectors that could alleviate the government’s financial burden. Korea is linking housing and urban regeneration strategies to respond to the complex challenges of social inclusion, job creation, housing and economic revitalisation. Korea has been at the forefront of smart city development for more than a decade, which has brought benefits to Korean cities such as integrated transport systems, and it is now committed to applying the concept as a vehicle for inclusive growth.

The present report on Norway is part of the series on 'Investing in Youth' which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the 'NEETs'). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017).

This report documents the increase in labor migration in Asia and looks at how finance and technology can aid its positive impact on home countries. As diasporas increase, governments have reached out to citizens abroad to provide them with financial instruments. Remittance channels have long been consolidated, but financial technology is changing the ways in which migrants remit—reducing fees and opening opportunities for new actors. One occupation driving labor migration, and incurring its own challenges, is work in information technology (IT). This report examines some of the latest developments in financial products and technology aimed at labor migrants from and in Asia, and discerns the factors determining the success of mobile IT workers from India. The four chapters in this report draw on issues raised and discussed during the Seventh Roundtable on Labor Migration in Asia: Finance and Technology to Increase the Positive Impact of Migration on Home Countries, held in Manila on 18–19 January 2017. The event brought together regional experts and policy makers and was co-organized by the Asian Development Bank Institute, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Labour Organization, and the Asian Development Bank.The report’s introductory chapter reviews recent regional migration trends. Two statistical annexes provide an overview of migration flows within Asia and between Asia and other regions.

Le rapport Comment les immigrés contribuent à l’économie des pays en développement est le fruit d’un projet mené conjointement par le Centre de développement de l’OCDE et l’Organisation internationale du travail, avec le soutien de l’Union européenne. Il couvre les dix pays partenaires – l’Afrique du Sud, l’Argentine, le Costa Rica, la Côte d’Ivoire, le Ghana, le Kirghizistan, le Népal, la République dominicaine, le Rwanda et la Thaïlande – de ce projet, « L’évaluation de la contribution économique des migrations de travail dans les pays en développement comme pays de destination », visant à apporter des preuves empiriques – à la fois quantitatives et qualitatives – des multiples façons dont les immigrés influent sur leurs pays d’accueil.  Ce rapport met en avant l’impact relativement limité des migrations de travail sur les performances des travailleurs autochtones sur le marché du travail, la croissance économique et les finances publiques dans les dix pays partenaires. Cela signifie que la crainte que les immigrés génèrent des effets négatifs s’avère souvent injustifiée, mais aussi que la plupart des pays de destination ne tirent pas suffisamment parti du capital humain et de l’expertise que les immigrés ont à offrir. Les politiques publiques peuvent jouer un rôle déterminant pour accroître la contribution des immigrés au développement de leur pays d’accueil.

L'immigration a des effets positifs, quoique limités, sur l’économie de la Côte d’Ivoire. Sur le marché du travail, les immigrés ne semblent pas peser négativement sur les salaires ou les conditions de travail de la population active autochtone. Les immigrés génèrent par ailleurs une valeur ajoutée supérieure à leur pourcentage dans la population et leur présence semble augmenter la productivité des entreprises informelles. Les estimations portant sur la contribution fiscale nette des immigrés varient pour leur part en fonction des hypothèses adoptées. Des politiques publiques visant à accroître les effets positifs de l’immigration supposent d'investir davantage dans l’intégration des immigrés et de relever le défi de l'informalité. Comment les immigrés contribuent à l'économie de la Côte d'Ivoire est le fruit d’un projet mené conjointement par le Centre de développement de l’OCDE et l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT), avec le soutien de l'Union européenne. Le projet vise à évaluer l’impact économique de l’immigration sous différentes dimensions – marché de l'emploi, croissance économique et finances publiques – dans les dix pays partenaires du projet : Afrique du Sud, Argentine, Costa Rica, Côte d' Ivoire, Ghana, Kirghizistan, Népal, République dominicaine, Rwanda et Thaïlande. Cet examen s’appuie sur une combinaison d’analyses quantitatives et qualitatives de données primaires et secondaires.