Reports

Water and its improved governance are critical for economic growth, social inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Three years after the adoption of the OECD Water Governance Principles, this report takes stock of their use and dissemination. It provides a water governance indicator framework and a set of evolving practices for bench-learning, building on lessons learned from different countries and contexts. Based on an extensive bottom up and multi-stakeholder process within the OECD Water Governance Initiative (WGI), these tools are conceived of as voluntary methodologies to be carried out at country, region, basin and/or city levels to improve water policies. The indicator framework is composed of a traffic light system based on 36 input and process indicators and a checklist with questions on a number of more specific governance conditions. The framework concludes with an action plan to help prioritise steps towards better design and implementation of water policies.

Lithuania has undergone major economic and social change since the early 1990s. Despite an exceptionally deep recession following the global financial crisis, impressive economic growth over the past two decades has narrowed income and productivity gaps relative to comparable countries in the OECD. But Lithuania faces a massive demographic challenge, mostly as a result of large and persistent emigration driven primarily by low wages and poor working conditions. Income inequality is also very high, and households at the bottom of the income distribution have recently benefited very little from the recovery. Major reforms of the labour code, the unemployment insurance system, employment policies and pensions were recently undertaken within the New Social Model to improve labour maket adaptibility and income security. This report provides comprehensive analysis of Lithuania’s policies and practices compared with best practice in the field of labour, social and migration from the OECD countries. It contains several recommendations to tackle key challenges facing Lithuania. This report will be of interest in Lithuania as well as other countries looking to promote a more inclusive economy.

Ce rapport est une première étape vers la construction d’une analyse plus qualitative de la manière dont les activités illicites ou criminelles interagissent avec l'économie, la sécurité et le développement des États de la région de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. L’analyse traditionnelle des flux financiers illicites met généralement l'accent sur l'ampleur des flux monétaires. Ce rapport vise à dépasser cette approche en examinant la nature de treize économies illicites ou criminelles, qui sont souvent liées quand elles ne se renforcent pas mutuellement, avec pour objectif d'identifier les flux financiers et les impacts sur le développement qui en résultent.  En adoptant cette approche, le rapport identifie les réseaux et les facteurs qui permettent à ces économies criminelles de prospérer, et met l'accent sur les acteurs et les incitations qui les sous-tendent. En conclusion de ce travail, le rapport propose une série de considérations politiques pour aider les pays à hiérarchiser et à cibler leurs réponses afin de réduire les impacts sur le développement des flux financiers illicites. Pour résoudre le problème des flux financiers illicites, il faut prendre en compte les défis sous-jacents liés au développement et s'attaquer au problème dans sa globalité dans les pays d'origine, de transit et de destination.

This review highlights achievements of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS) in a number of areas – human resources, technological capacities and relations with suppliers – which were previously identified by the OECD as pivotal for the successful reform of IMSS procurement operations. This report highlights the progress made and offers recommendations to support IMSS in achieving procurement excellence and fulfilling its mandate to provide the best possible, most cost-effective healthcare services to citizens.

Les précédents travaux de l’OCDE et de l’UE ont montré que même les enfants nés dans le pays d’accueil de parents immigrés sont soumis à des désavantages persistants au sein du système éducatif, pendant la transition vers l’emploi, ainsi que sur le marché du travail. À quel point ces inégalités sont-elles liées à leurs origines migratoires, c’est-à-dire aux problèmes auxquels leurs parents ont dû faire face par le passé ? Grâce à un travail de comparaisons internationales, cette publication apporte de nouvelles perspectives sur la question complexe de la transmission intergénérationnelle des désavantages touchant les enfants d’immigrés.

The effects of immigration on the Thai economy are considerable, as the number of immigrants has increased rapidly since the turn of the century. Immigrant workers now contribute to all economic sectors, and are important for the workforce in industrial sectors such as construction and manufacturing and in some service sectors including private household services. Immigration is associated with an improvement of labour market outcomes of the native-born population, and in particular appears to increase paid employment opportunities. Immigration is also likely to raise income per capita in Thailand, due to the relatively high share of the immigrant population which is employed and therefore contributes to economic output. Policies aiming to further diversify employment opportunities for immigrant workers could also be beneficial for the economic contribution of immigration.  How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth and public finance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary and in some cases primary data sources.

The recent effects of immigration on the Kyrgyz economy appear to be limited. Many immigrants have been in the country for several decades, hence are overrepresented among the older cohorts, resulting in a lower labour force participation rate than among the native-born. Still, the estimated share of value added generated by immigrants exceeds their share of the labour force but also of the population. Overall, immigration is not associated with a deteriorating labour force situation for the native-born population. In contrast, the current contribution of immigrants to public finance appears to be negative. The high concentration among retirement-age individuals is a major reason for this outcome as the estimate disregards their prior contributions to public revenues. Kyrgyzstan's economy would benefit from changes in certain migration and non-migration sectoral policies. How Immigrants Contribute to Kyrgyzstan’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth, and public finance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary and in some cases primary data sources.

Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser les politiques publiques françaises en matière de recrutement de main-d’oeuvre immigrée depuis l’étranger et d'évaluer dans quelle mesure la migration économique répond aux besoins du marché du travail. L'immigration professionnelle étant de faible ampleur en France, une attention particulière est également portée aux changements de statut, notamment d’anciens étudiants, ainsi qu'aux régularisations pour motif économique, dont la persistance pourrait témoigner de besoins de main-d'oeuvre non satisfaits. Le fonctionnement des dispositifs actuels d'immigration professionnelle en France – permanente, temporaire et saisonnière – est examiné, en particulier l'efficacité des tests du marché du travail et des listes de métiers en tension. Le nouveau dispositif pour l'immigration qualifiée, le passeport talent, est également analysé pour évaluer sa capacité à remédier aux écueils légaux et opérationels identifiés dans l'étude et à renforcer l'attractivité de la France pour les talents étrangers.