30-April-2019
English, PDF, 335kb
Japan has been ageing rapidly due to improvements in life expectancy and low fertility rates. This challenges the financial sustainability, solvency and adequacy of the pension system.
30-April-2019
English, PDF, 349kb
Digital transformation offers countries a range of social and economic opportunities. Japan recognises this potential, as indicated by its championing of digital issues at the G20 and G7, and the commitment of the Japanese government to harness data for Society 5.0.
14-April-2017
English, PDF, 347kb
To improve productivity and help address socio-economic challenges, such as ageing, Japan needs to strengthen its innovation performance.
14-April-2017
English, PDF, 343kb
Facilitating female employment is particularly important given Japan’s shrinking and ageing population, which has already contributed to labour shortages.
14-April-2017
English, PDF, 346kb
Between 1999 and 2014, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan dropped by 21% as a result of the retirement of ageing business owners and weak entrepreneurial intentions in the Japanese population.
10-June-2015
English, PDF, 355kb
To achieve greater gender equality in employment and more inclusive growth, Japan needs to change the workplace culture and ensure that the tax and social security systems do not reduce work incentives for second earners in households.
10-June-2015
English, PDF, 397kb
The Japanese economy has for many years been characterised by a low corporate return on equity. Increasing returns requires better corporate governance that improves investment and the use of corporate resources, including cash holdings.
10-June-2015
English, PDF, 409kb
Japan has the potential to grow its agricultural sector, including by producing high-value products that reflect the country’s growing reputation for sophisticated, healthy, and high-quality food. To assure the long-term health of Japan’s food and agriculture system, it is critical to increase its capacity to respond to market demands.