Latest Documents

Space sustainability - The economics of space debris in perspective

OECD.AI Policy Observatory on Artificial Intelligence

OECD.AI is an interactive online platform for shaping and sharing AI policies across the globe. It aims to help countries and others implement the OECD AI Principles for the development of responsible and trustworthy AI that benefits society as a whole.

On the concentration of innovation in top cities in the digital age

This paper investigates how digital technologies have shaped the concentration of inventive activity in cities across 30 OECD countries.

Governance of science and technology policies

This report provides learnings from 13 case studies on governance mechanisms of national and supranational science, technology and innovation initiatives.

Policy initiatives for health and the bioeconomy

This document presents and compares 12 policy initiatives from OECD countries with a focus on policy objectives, target groups, sectoral priorities, budget, time horizon, selection criteria, international collaboration, and evaluation of the initiatives.

Innovation support in the enterprise sector: Industry and SMEs

This paper outlines major policy trends in public support of innovation activities in industry and SMEs across OECD countries. It discusses the policy mix to strengthen business R&D and innovation, and possible avenues to improve this mix in response to evolving needs, driven new trends in technology and other factors.

Policy initiatives to enhance the impact of public research: Promoting excellence, transfer and co-creation

Policies to boost the impact of public research can be classified into three broad categories. This paper illustrates the variety of options available within each type of policy, based on a review of 12 case studies across nine countries. The analysis looks at design options, budgets, implementation challenges, international scope, evaluation practices and lessons learnt from these policy initiatives.

Innovation policies for sustainable development: Low-carbon energy and smart-city initiatives

This paper benchmarks innovation policies for sustainability, focusing on low-carbon and environmental technologies and “smart-city” initiatives in selected OECD countries as well as the EU. It identifies critical success factors through a review of the policy portfolios of instruments, budgets, monitoring and evaluation strategies, and international co-operation strategies.

Review of national policy initiatives in support of digital and AI-driven innovation

This paper draws lessons from 12 national policy initiatives (four AI strategies and eight policy programmes) aimed at supporting breakthrough digital and AI-driven innovation and the application of those innovations by industry. Most of these initiatives actively involve multiple stakeholders from public research, industry and government, have mixed public-private funding models, and seek international co-operation on AI.

Supporting research for sustainable development

This paper presents innovation policy initiatives that support research and innovation for sustainable development through systemic solutions. Initiatives reviewed include grant schemes that support the development of environmental technologies, programmes to foster research collaborations on environmental challenges, and smart city initiatives leveraging use of digital technologies.