“Policy Instruments for the Environment” (PINE) is a unique database gathering detailed information on policy instruments relevant for environmental protection and natural resource management.
The OECD started building this database in 1996, initially collecting only information on environmentally related taxes in OECD countries. Today, the database contains information on multiple types of policy instruments, and it covers more than 90 countries globally.
PINE provides the same type of information for each policy instrument, structured into a large number of quantitative and qualitative variables. Its relational structure allows for the analysis of policies across different themes and its data are structured for statistical analysis.
PINE gathers essential descriptive information in one place. For each instrument, you can find:
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Disclaimer: This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Environmentally related taxes represent about a half of all instruments in the OECD PINE database. The tax bases covered include:
Browse the policy microdata at the PINE database portal. Pre-defined queries will allow you to search:
To build your own SQL query and access the full relational database:
All countries are welcome to participate in the PINE database. Government ministries or agencies, and recognised research institutes, are welcome to join the network of PINE country experts.
Policy instruments implemented across all branches of government can be integrated into PINE insofar as they have environmental relevance.
Join the network of PINE country experts by writing to pinedatabase@oecd.org.
Latest publications and reports, events and Green Talks Live:
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