Australia

In the state of Victoria, strong ex ante monitoring mechanisms are in place, especially through an innovative High Value/High Risk (HVHR) process used for certain investments. Under the new HVHR introduced  2010, investment projects with a value above a defined threshold or which are deemed to be high risk undergo rigorous scrutiny and approval processes, with increased oversight over various stages of investment development, procurement and delivery. The focus of this new process is to enhance ex ante control, improving the business case for major investments. The business case process also includes the development of performance indicators, creating the basis for monitoring infrastructure performance after implementation. Ex post evaluation has not been extensively used.

Greece

The 2011 investment law targets projects promoting economic openness, competitiveness, technology upgrading and the reduction of regional inequalities. The law provides for three general and four special categories of investment schemes, corresponding to different investment regimes. The law also entails more rigorous project selection criteria and simpler submission and evaluation procedures than past frameworks. It sets a clear time schedule of six months for the evaluation and approval of projects and provides for a better monitoring of disbursements and the outcomes achieved through specific annual budgets for the total amount of disbursements and other items. All applications of investment proposals are required to include a complete and detailed business plan and an impact assessment study on the Greek economy.

Netherlands

The Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment has several criteria for selecting infrastructural projects to be co-funded by national government. One of them is the National Market and Capacity Analysis (NMCA). The NMCA investigates infrastructural bottlenecks. It indicates where infrastructure capacity is not expected to be sufficient to reach the goals of National Policy Strategy for Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, taking into account the expected development of mobility.

 Korea

Korea established a Public-Private Partnership Unit – the Public and Private Infrastructure Investment Management Centre (PIMAC) – to provide technical support to the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. When launching a PPP project, the Ministry is responsible for undertaking initial project development, including a feasibility study and value-for-money test. PIMAC aides in executing the feasibility study, formulating the invitation for proposals, evaluating the proposals submitted, and supporting the negotiation process.