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  • 16-December-2019

    English

    On the concentration of innovation in top cities in the digital age

    This paper investigates how digital technologies have shaped the concentration of inventive activity in cities across 30 OECD countries.

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  • 11-décembre-2019

    Français

    Recommandation sur l’innovation responsable dans le domaine des neurotechnologies

    Cette recommendation vise à aider les pouvoirs publics et les innovateurs à anticiper et affronter les défis éthiques, juridiques et sociaux que font naître les nouvelles neurotechnologies, tout en assurant la promotion de l’innovation dans ce domaine.

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  • 15-November-2019

    English

    Scoping the OECD AI Principles: Deliberations of the expert group on artificial intelligence at the OECD (AIGO)

    As artificial intelligence permeates our societies, its transformational power must be put to the service of people and the planet. This paper presents a common understanding of what an AI system is, as well as a framework detailing the stages of the AI life cycle. This work informed the development of the AI Principles adopted by the OECD Council in 2019.

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  • 13-November-2019

    English

    Pharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater - Hazards and Policy Responses

    This report calls for a better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and policy actions to prevent and remedy emerging concerns. Laboratory and field tests show traces of oral contraceptives causing the feminisation of fish and amphibians, and residues of psychiatric drugs altering fish behaviour. Antimicrobial resistance, linked to the overuse of antibiotics, has rapidly escalated into a global health crisis. Unless adequate measures are taken to manage the risks, pharmaceutical residues will increasingly be released into the environment as ageing populations, advances in healthcare, and intensification of meat and fish production spur the demand for pharmaceuticals worldwide. The report outlines a collective, life-cycle approach to managing pharmaceuticals in the environment. A policy mix of source-directed, use-orientated and end-of-pipe measures, involving several policy sectors, can help to improve health and protect the environment.

  • 6-November-2019

    English

    Safety Assessment of Foods and Feeds Derived from Transgenic Crops, Volume 3 - Common bean, Rice, Cowpea and Apple Compositional Considerations

    This volume compiles the consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2015 to 2019. It deals with the composition of common bean, rice, cowpea and apple, four important crops for agriculture and food consumption worldwide. The science-based information collated here is intended for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products derived from modern biotechnology, i.e. issued from transgenic plants. Compositional considerations are provided for each species, including tables detailing the key nutrients, anti-nutrients, possible toxicants, allergens and other metabolites contained in the products. This essential information and solid data can be used in the comparative approach as part of the novel food/feed safety assessment. It should be of value to crop breeders and applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information can be found at BioTrack Online.

  • 11-October-2019

    English

    Responsible innovation in neurotechnology enterprises

    Novel neurotechnology offers significant potential but raises a range of unique ethical, legal, and policy questions that business models will have to address. This paper is the result of analytical work on the opportunities and challenges of implementing responsibility frameworks into neurotechnology translation at major brain research initiatives and in the private sector.

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  • 11-October-2019

    English

    Supporting research for sustainable development

    This paper presents innovation policy initiatives that support research and innovation for sustainable development through systemic solutions. Initiatives reviewed include grant schemes that support the development of environmental technologies, programmes to foster research collaborations on environmental challenges, and smart city initiatives leveraging use of digital technologies.

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  • 10-May-2019

    English

    Digital Government Review of Sweden - Towards a Data-driven Public Sector

    This digital government review asseses the state of data-driven policies and initiatives in the Swedish public sector. It explores the underlying institutional governance and co-ordination arrangements for digital government in the country, and their impact on policy implementation. It also discusses data-sharing and managing initiatives, data governance and open government data practices. The review looks at how Sweden could better share knowledge, promote innovation and improve collaboration both across the public sector and with external stakeholders. Finally, it highlights how the government can use data to build a closer relationship with citizens in order to address policy challenges, improve public service delivery, and, ultimately, strengthen public trust.

  • 17-April-2019

    English

    Good Governance for Critical Infrastructure Resilience

    Critical infrastructures are the backbone of modern, interconnected economies. The disruption of key systems and essential services - such as telecommunications, energy or water supply, transportation or finance - can cause substantial economic damage. This report looks at how to boost critical infrastructure resilience in a dynamic risk landscape, and discusses policy options and governance models to promote up-front resilience investments. Based on an international survey, the report analyses the progressive shift of critical infrastructure policies from asset protection to system resilience. The findings are reflected in a proposed Policy Toolkit for the Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience, which can guide governments in taking a more coherent, preventive approach to protecting and sustaining essential services.

  • 26-February-2019

    English

    How's Life in the Digital Age? - Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transformation for People's Well-being

    This report documents how the ongoing digital transformation is affecting people’s lives across the 11 key dimensions that make up the How’s Life? Well-being Framework (Income and wealth, Jobs and earnings, Housing, Health status, Education and skills, Work-life balance, Civic engagement and governance, Social connections, Environmental quality, Personal security, and Subjective well-being). A summary of existing studies highlights 39 key impacts of the digital transformation on people’s well-being. The review shows that these impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking. In sum, making digitalisation work for people’s well-being would require building equal digital opportunities, widespread digital literacy and strong digital security. Continued research and efforts in improving statistical frameworks will be needed to expand our knowledge on the many topics covered in this report.
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