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  • 4-December-2023

    English

    Multi-level governance and subnational finance in Asia and the Pacific

    Subnational governments in Asia and the Pacific are key providers of the public services and infrastructure required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Given this role, it is essential that policymakers and development partners understand and support the effective functioning of multi-level governance structures and subnational government finances across the region. This joint OECD-ADB report provides a comprehensive overview of subnational governments across Asia and the Pacific. It covers over 467,000 subnational governments from 26 countries, which represent 53% of the world’s population and 40% of global GDP. On average in 2020, subnational governments in the region accounted for 29% of total public expenditure (8.8% of GDP), 35% of total public revenue (8.5% of GDP) and 38% of public investment (2% of GDP). Harnessing unique data from the 3rd edition of the OECD-UCLG World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment, the analysis highlights how decentralisation and territorial reforms have reconfigured the structures and finances of subnational governments in the region. It covers a range of topics including fiscal rules, financial management capacity, priority-based budgeting, asset management and the use of public-private partnerships.

  • 8-November-2023

    English, PDF, 187kb

    OECD Regional Outlook 2023 - Country profiles: Japan

    The OECD Regional Outlook examines recent trends, policy developments, and prospects in OECD regions, including the underlying causes of regional inequalities in performance and well-being. This document contains country-specific information.

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  • 29-June-2021

    English

    A territorial approach to the Sustainable Development Goals in Kitakyushu, Japan

    Over the past decades, the city Kitakyushu, located in the southwest of Japan, has transformed from a manufacturing hub into a city putting strong emphasis on sustainability. The city has developed an SDG-based vision, which outlines the city’s main sustainable development targets and actions and sets up a governance framework with a strong focus on citizen participation and private sector engagement. Several local development challenges remain, including population decline, an ageing society and the lack of attractive job opportunities. The SDGs provide a framework to address those challenges in an integrated way. As reflected in Kitakyushu’s Voluntary Local Review and participation in the SDGs Future City initiative, 17 actions shape the local vision to foster sustainable development through, in particular, the transition to low-carbon energy production and a circular economy, female empowerment, inclusion of vulnerable groups and international cooperation.

  • 11-April-2016

    English

    Japan’s demographic and policy challenges in 5 charts - Insights blog

    Look at Japan and you see the future of many OECD countries. Extreme demographic shifts are re-sculpting the country in dramatic ways, defining future challenges and demanding new policy responses. Blog by Bill Below, on the challenges faced and the opportunities available.

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  • 11-April-2016

    English

    Japan: Boosting Growth and Well-being in an Ageing Society

    With 25 years of sluggish economic growth, Japan’s per capita income has fallen from a level matching the average of the top half of OECD countries in the early 1990s to 14% below that today. Weak growth, together with rapid population ageing, has driven public debt into uncharted territory. Revitalising growth is thus the top priority for the Japanese government. With the labour force shrinking more rapidly than the population, per capita output can only grow through improvements in labour productivity and labour force participation. Japan’s highly-skilled labour force and its technological leadership can help close the gap with leading OECD countries in per capita income. But broad-based structural reforms, as envisaged in the third arrow of Abenomics, are needed to allow these strengths to fully achieve their potential. The initial impact of Abenomics in 2013 was impressive, and the reform process needs to continue.
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  • 11-April-2016

    English

    OECD Territorial Reviews: Japan 2016

    Japan is embarked on a demographic transition without precedent in human history: the population is both declining and ageing rapidly. This raises important questions about the country's future economic geography, as public policies will need both to respond to these shifts and also to shape them. Demographic change will have particularly important implications for the settlement pattern of the country, and this, in turn, will affect Japan's ability to sustain economic growth and the well-being of its citizens. This Review therefore focuses on the spatial implications of demographic change and the response of spatial policies to it, particularly as these interact with other policies aimed at sustaining the productivity growth that a 'super-ageing' Japan will need in order to maintain its future prosperity. The Japanese authorities have recently put in place a complex package of long-term spatial and structural policies aimed at meeting this challenge. Their experience should be of first-order interest to other OECD countries, as most face the prospect of rapid population ageing and many are also projected to experience significant population decline over the coming decades.
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  • 6-October-2014

    English

    Regional Outlook 2014: Japan

    Getting regions and cities 'right', adapting policies to the specificities of where people live and work, is vital to improving citizens’ well-being. View the country factsheets from the publication OECD Regional Outlook 2014.

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  • 26-septembre-2014

    Français

    Le tourisme et l'économie créative

    Alors que l'importance de l'économie créative continue de croître, de fortes synergies entre le tourisme et les industries créatives émergent offrant ainsi un potentiel considérable pour amplifier la demande touristique et développer de nouveaux produits, expériences et marchés. Ces nouveaux liens entrainent le passage d’un modèle classique de tourisme culturel vers de nouveaux modèles de tourisme créatif basés sur la culture immatérielle et la création contemporaine. Ce rapport fait des proposition pour l'élaboration de politiques efficaces dans ce domaine, en s’appuyant sur la relation de plus en plus forte entre tourisme et secteurs créatifs. A partir d’études de cas récentes, il étudie également comment renforcer et valoriser ces liens pour générer davantage de valeur ajoutée. Des politiques actives sont nécessaires pour que les pays, les régions et les villes bénéficient au maximum des synergies entre tourisme et créativité. Les principales questions politiques sont analysées.
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  • 1-December-2009

    English

    Southeast Asia Regional Policy Network on Education and Skills

    The rapidly developing Southeast Asia region is confronted with significant labour market challenges. This initiative aims to address the issues of employment and skills, especially through an interaction platform for members.

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  • 2-August-2006

    English

    OECD LEED Forum on Partnerships and Local Governance: Japan

    This site contains a list of key references on Japan. The documentary database includes documents on partnership and local governance that have been published by governments, universities and other organisations.

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