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  • 11-December-2015

    English

    Emissions Reduction through Upgrade of Coal-Fired Power Plants: Learning from Chinese Experience

    Coal is the principal fuel for the generation of electrical power globally. It is the leading source of power generation in OECD countries and the dominant fuel source behind economic growth in non-OECD countries. However, while providing over 40% of the world’s electricity, it is responsible for more than 70% of the CO2 arising from electricity generation. The IEA carried out a project to examine the potential to improve the performance of existing coal-fired plants. Two power units in China were selected to showcase measures that would improve their net efficiency. The results built on the efficiency gains made under China’s national energy efficiency improvement programme and demonstrated the enormous potential to improve performance, with each percentage point increase capable of reducing CO2 emissions by many millions of tonnes over a unit’s operational lifetime. Experiences learned in China can be applied to improving coal-fired power plant efficiency worldwide.

  • 11-December-2015

    English

    Update on Overseas Investments by China's National Oil Companies - Achievements and Challenges since 2011

    Chinese NOCs first ventured overseas to invest in oil and gas production more than 20 years ago. Today, they have emerged to become international players with activities spreading across more than 40 countries and producing 2.5 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (mboe/d) of oil and gas outside of China. Chinese companies have contributed much-needed investments in global oil and gas production. This report provides an update on overseas activity by China’s National Oil Companies (NOCs) between 2011 and 2013 and is a follow-up publication of IEA’s previous report in 2011, Overseas Investments by Chinese National Oil Companies: Assessing the Drivers and Impacts. It aims to examine the trends exhibited by investments made by Chinese NOCs and the risks and challenges they face today and raised the question if China’s long standing non-interference foreign policy could still be valid given China’s worldwide commercial interests, including those of the NOCs’.

  • 11-December-2015

    English

    Gas Pricing: China's Challenges and IEA Experience

    China will play a positive role in the global development of gas, the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Executive Director, Maria Van der Hoeven has said in Beijing on 11 September, 2012 when launching a new IEA report: Gas Pricing and Regulation, China’s challenges and IEA experiences. In line with its aim to meet growing energy demand while shifting away from coal, China has set an ambitious goal of doubling its use of natural gas from 2011 levels by 2015. Prospects are good for significant new supplies – both domestic and imported, conventional and unconventional – to come online in the medium-term, but notable challenges remain, particularly concerning gas pricing and the institutional and regulatory landscape. While China’s circumstances are, in many respects unique, some current issues are similar to those a number of IEA countries have faced. This report highlights some key challenges China faces in its transition to greater reliance on natural gas, then explores in detail relevant experiences from IEA countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States as well as the European Union (EU). Preliminary suggestions about how lessons learned in other countries could be applied to China’s situation are offered as well. The aim of this report is to provide stakeholders in China with a useful reference as they consider decisions about the evolution of the gas sector in their country. The report is funded by the UK Strategic Programme Fund programme , and the EU delegation in Beijing and the World Bank have provided in-kind contributions. The project is supported by the Chinese government and co-implemented by China 5E. 

  • 27-mai-2015

    Français

    Évolution récente de la productivité en Chine – analyse structurelle-résiduelle des gains de productivité du travail et évolution de l’écart de productivité

    Ce document de travail décompose les gains de productivité pour la période 2000-11 en fonction de l’effet intrasectoriel, des variations de parts et de l’effet transversal, et compare la Chine à d’autres pays pour la même période. Cette analyse structurelle-résiduelle permet également de comparer la composante intrasectorielle des gains de productivité sur un grand nombre de secteurs et de pays.

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  • 27-mai-2015

    Français

    Évaluation du déficit de qualifications en Chine et inégalités du système éducatif

    Ce document de travail a pour but d’évaluer le déficit de qualifications et de connaissances des diplômés des universités et des instituts professionnels de l’enseignement supérieur en Chine. Il examine également les perspectives d’emploi et de rémunération des diplômés issus de différentes filières de formation.

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  • 27-mai-2015

    Français

    Donner à tous des compétences adéquates en Chine - du "fabriqué en Chine" au "créé en Chine"

    La Chine a fait ces dernières décennies des progrès impressionnants dans le domaine de l’éducation, même si l’accumulation de capital humain y a été moins rapide que l’accumulation de capital physique. À l’avenir, l’accès à l’éducation et la qualité de celle-ci seront déterminants pour favoriser la convergence économique avec les économies les plus avancées et compenser l’effet du vieillissement de la population.

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  • 27-mai-2015

    Français

    Mener des réformes agricoles et contribuer au rattrapage des zones rurales

    L'urbanisation va se poursuivre en Chine et les pouvoirs publics prévoient d'ailleurs d'accorder le statut de résident urbain à 100 millions de travailleurs ruraux supplémentaires d'ici 2020. Pour ceux qui restent dans les zones rurales, il est essentiel d'améliorer les systèmes de protection sociale et de développer l'investissement dans les services de santé.

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  • 27-mai-2015

    Français

    Un état des lieux du secteur des services en Chine

    La part du secteur tertiaire dans la valeur ajoutée de la Chine n’a cessé de croître pour dépasser celle du secteur secondaire, en 2013. Compte tenu de l’augmentation des revenus, la part des services devrait continuer de progresser car plus le revenu est élevé, plus les dépenses consacrées aux services augmentent.

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  • 18-April-2015

    English

    OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015

    China needs a new model of urbanisation to match the shift to a new model of growth. For decades, both urbanisation and growth have been based on robust export demand, cheap labour, cheap land and artificially low pricing of environmental externalities. None of these can support growth or urban development in the future.

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  • 18-April-2015

    English

    OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015

    China needs a new model of urbanisation to match the shift to a new model of growth. For decades, both urbanisation and growth have been based on robust export demand, cheap labour, cheap land and artificially low pricing of environmental externalities. None of these can support growth or urban development in the future. This review examines the major challenges associated with the shift to a new model of urbanisation, looking at a range such issues as social and labour-market policies, land use and transport planning, urban planning, urban governance and public finance. The review presents a new assessment of China’s major cities, which defines functional urban areas based on settlement patterns and commuting zones rather than cities defined as administrative units. The results show, among other things, that China has many more mega-cities, with populations above 10 million, than the official data suggest. The good news for China is that the reforms needed to foster what the authorities call 'people-centred urbanisation', while complex, are coherent with one another and supportive of the broader shift to a growth model that relies more on domestic demand and productivity growth.
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