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The Missing Entrepreneurs 2023

Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment

The Missing Entrepreneurs 2023 is the seventh edition in a series of biennial reports examining how government policies can release untapped entrepreneurial potential from under-represented parts of the population of impactful entrepreneurs, including women, youth, seniors, the unemployed, immigrants and people with disabilities. It offers comparative data on the entrepreneurship activities and the barriers faced by each group across OECD and European Union countries. It takes a deep dive into the effectiveness of youth entrepreneurship schemes and the design of welfare bridge schemes for business creation by job seekers. It also contains country profiles for each of the 27 EU Member States showing the major recent trends in diversity in entrepreneurship and the current state and evolution of policy for each country.

Available from November 30, 2023 Latest available edition in: French, German

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface by the OECD
Preface by the European Commission
Foreword
Reader’s guide
Executive summary
Recent trends and policy priorities in inclusive entrepreneurship
Inclusive entrepreneurship indicators: Activity rates and barriers6 chapters available
Women’s self-employment and entrepreneurship activities
Immigrants’ self-employment and entrepreneurship activities
Youth self-employment and entrepreneurship activities
Seniors’ self-employment and entrepreneurship activities
Self-employment and entrepreneurship by the unemployed
Self-employment and entrepreneurship by people with disabilities
Policies for inclusive entrepreneurship2 chapters available
The effectiveness of inclusive entrepreneurship schemes: A spotlight on youth
Designing effective welfare bridges to support business creation by the unemployed
Country profiles28 chapters available
Reader’s guide for the country profiles
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
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