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Libéralisation et intervention dans des secteurs spécifiques

Bank competition and financial stability

 

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This report examines the interplay between banking competition and financial stability, taking into account the experiences of the recent global crisis and the policy response to date. 

 

Policy makers are faced with striking a balance between sometimes conflicting objectives. Banks need to have sufficient capital and be large and diversified enough to absorb major shocks, whilst remaining sufficiently competitive to provide consumers with reasonably-priced services.

 

Pre-crisis financial deregulation allowed banks to change their business models in response to competition in a way that has proven negative for financial stability.

 

The policy response to the global financial crisis to date has not adequately addressed some of the fundamental problems affecting the banking sector and thus the risks to financial stability.

 

Part 1: Competition in retail banking and financial stability
Studies exploring the complex interactions between competition and stability in retail and commercial banking come to the ambiguous conclusion that competition can be both good and bad for stability. Policy measures that strike an acceptable balance remain elusive.

 

Part 2: Competition in derivative markets and financial stability
Today, the large banks that encompass the global derivatives business combine retail and commercial banking with investment bank activities. Product innovation utilising derivatives and gambling in high-risk trades has become a key driver of profitability within banks but this leaves them exposed to huge risks which in turn pose a threat to global financial stability. Policy makers urgently need to address this issue.

 

Part 3: Bank competition and government guarantees 
Using government guarantees to avoid systemic fallout from the crisis distorted competition between banks and further reinforced the perception that systematically important banks enjoy implicit guarantees. To reduce this perception, policy reforms must include provisions for the orderly failure of financial institutions, whatever their size, level of interconnectivity and complexity.

    

 

Related OECD analysis

Thinking beyond Basel III - Necessary solutions for capital and liquidity, 2010

 

The Elephant in the Room: The Need to Deal with What Banks Do , 2010

 

The Design of Government Guarantees for Bank Bonds: Lessons from the Recent Financial Crisis, 2010

 

Systemic financial crises: How to fund resolution, 2010

 

The Financial Crisis: Reform and exit strategies, 2009

 

Expanded Guarantees for Banks: Benefits, Costs and Exit Issues, 2009

 

 

 

This report was prepared for the G20 Workshop "The New Financial Landscape", sponsored by the Australian Treasury and the Reserve Bank of Australia, which took place in July 2011. 

 

 

 

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