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Publications & Documents


  • 13-December-2023

    English

    Realising the Potential of the Middle Corridor

    Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the ensuing sanctions greatly complicated overland freight transport between Europe and China via the so-called Northern Corridor, which runs through the Russian Federation. This has prompted renewed attention to the development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, a multimodal route running through Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Türkiye – the so-called 'Middle Corridor'. The present report looks at the Middle Corridor’s potential and at the challenges that must be overcome to realise it, drawing on the perspective of relevant private-sector actors in the four Middle Corridor countries. Governments along the corridor have invested heavily to improve transport infrastructure, yet important bottlenecks remain due to the geography of the route, the number of border crossings and the lack of regional trade integration. This study, based on surveys from and interviews with the private sector, maps and sequences main reform priorities in relation to regional integration, infrastructure, trade facilitation and supra-national coordination. It suggests that the primary aim should be to develop the corridor not solely as a transit route for actors from outside the region but as an engine of integration and trade integration in Central Asia and the South Caucasus.
  • 12-December-2023

    English

    Labour market and education reforms are needed to create more and better jobs in Türkiye

    The Turkish economy grew strongly over the past two decades and created many jobs. However, given its young and growing workforce, Türkiye needs to ramp up efforts to achieve high-quality formal job creation. A sizeable share of the workforce, mostly female workers, does not actively participate in the labour market. While informality has decreased significantly, it is still widespread and entrenches productivity differences across firms. Rigid labour market rules, particularly the high severance pay but also minimum wages, impede formal job creation. More flexible labour markets should be part of a comprehensive reform programme that shifts job loss protection to a broader-based unemployment insurance scheme, supported by well-designed activation policies. While educational attainment has risen impressively, a growing number of vacancies, significant skill mismatches and a low level of adult skills highlight the need to address the quality of education and to improve on the matching of talent to jobs.
  • 7-November-2023

    English, PDF, 151kb

    Health at a Glance 2023: Key findings for Türkiye

    Health at a Glance provides the latest comparable data and trends on population health and health system performance. This Country Note shows how Türkiye compares to other OECD countries across indicators in the report.

  • 14-September-2023

    English, PDF, 228kb

    Embracing a One Health Framework to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance in Türkiye

    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the ability of microbes to resist antimicrobials - remains an alarming global health threat that jeopardises the effectiveness of many 20th century public health advances. In recent years, Türkiye made important strides in tackling AMR. Yet, more progress is needed.

  • 14-September-2023

    Turkish, PDF, 312kb

    Antibiyotik Direnci ile Mücadele için Tek Sağlık Çerçevesinin Benimsenmesi - Türkiye

    Antibiyotik direnci (ATD) - mikropların antimikrobiyallere direnç gösterme kabiliyeti kazanmasi - 20. yüzyılda halk sağlığında kaydedilen pek çok ilerlemenin etkinliğini tehlikeye atan endişe verici bir küresel sağlık tehdidi olmaya devam etmektedir. Türkiye son yıllarda ATD ile mücadelede önemli adımlar atmıştır. Ancak daha fazla ilerleme kaydedilmesi gerekmektedir.

  • 23-June-2023

    English

    The Territorial Impact of the Earthquakes in Türkiye - Policy Note

    On 6 February 2023, two large earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.6 and 7.7 hit central and southern Türkiye and northern Syria resulting in widespread damage and fatalities in the region and leaving 3.3 million displaced. This note – prepared for a workshop to support the affected city of Gaziantep in March 2023 - provides an overview of the affected regions, and key issues and recommendations to support the recovery, based on international experience. It highlights that a plan should be made to support displaced residents for an extended period, identify high-risk families, train the workforce needed for the reconstruction effort, strengthen governance processes to protect recovery funds, coordinate reconstruction efforts across levels of government and with international donors, and engage communities in ambitious plans to improve infrastructure going forward.
  • 15-May-2023

    English

    Digital Government Review of Türkiye - Towards a Digitally-Enabled Government

    This Digital Government Review of Türkiye explores how the Government of Türkiye can use digital technology and data to help the public sector become more responsive, resilient and proactive. It evaluates the efforts made so far by Türkiye in achieving digital government maturity by looking at governance, institutional capacities, digital skills, public service design and delivery, enabling building blocks and the strategic management and use of data. The review provides policy recommendations intended to help the Government of Türkiye fully benefit from digital technologies and data to realise the potential of the digital age in transforming the public sector and the services provided to the public.
  • 28-April-2023

    English

    Taking stock of education reforms for access and quality in Türkiye

    This report provides an overview of educational progress in Türkiye in the last two decades and reviews education policies which were developed and implemented during the same period. It considers a selection of policies operating from the levels of learners and institutions to system-level policies that are analysed through the lenses of comparative international data and OECD analysis of policies, programmes, and interventions that aim to support better outcomes and greater equity across national education systems. Conducted as a desk-based analysis, this report draws from the knowledge base of the OECD on education policy in Türkiye, national and international sources, and responses from the Ministry of National Education to a survey conducted for this report.
  • 25-April-2023

    English

    Taxing Wages: Key findings for Türkiye

    The tax wedge for the average single worker in Türkiye decreased by 2.7 percentage points from 39.9% in 2021 to 37.2% in 2022. The OECD average tax wedge in 2022 was 34.6% (2021, 34.6%).

  • 16-March-2023

    English

    Schools as hubs for social and emotional learning - Are schools and teachers ready?

    Schools are perfect hubs for social and emotional learning, but are they ready for this task? To address this question, this Spotlight reports previously unpublished findings from the OECD’s Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) and discusses their implications for education policy and practice. Both an active promotion in schools and extensive learning opportunities for teachers on relevant topics provide a fertile ground for an effective social and emotional education. They boost teachers’ self-efficacy and use of active learning pedagogies, as well as quality relationships at school. The Spotlight also points to important differences for teachers of 10- vs. 15-year-old students that can explain higher skills at a younger age. Younger students benefit more often from key elements of an effective social and emotional education in school, i.e. the evaluation of their social and emotional skills and teachers teaming up with parents to reinforce skill promotion. Teachers of 10-year-olds are also more intensively trained and requested to promote social and emotional learning in their work.
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